Empress Carlota of Mexico Her Tragic History

Empress Carlota, born Princess Charlotte of Belgium (June 7, 1840  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ January 19, 1927) was briefly the Empress of Mexico, from 1864 to 1867. She suffered from a lifetime of serious mental illness after her husband, Maximilian, was deposed in Mexico, but escaped his violent fate. Early Life Princess Charlotte, later to be known as Carlota, was the only daughter of Leopold I of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, king of Belgium, a Protestant, and Louise of France, a Catholic. She was a first cousin of both Queen Victoria and Victorias husband, Prince Albert.  (Victorias mother Victoria and Alberts father Ernst were both siblings of Leopold.) Her father had been married to Princess Charlotte of Great Britain, who was expected to eventually become Britains Queen. Sadly, Charlotte died of complications the day after giving birth to a stillborn son after some fifty hours of labor.  Leopold later married Louise Marie of  Orlà ©ans, whose father was the king of France, and they named their daughter Charlotte in memory of Leopolds first wife.  They also had three sons. Louise Marie died of tuberculosis when Charlotte was only ten. From that point on, Charlotte lived most of the time with her grandmother, Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies, Queen of France, married to Louis-Philippe of France. Charlotte was known as serious and intelligent, as well as beautiful. Meeting Emperor Maximilian Charlotte met Archduke Maximilian of Austria, younger brother of the Habsburg Austrian Emperor Francis Joseph I, in the summer of 1856 when she was sixteen.  Maximilian was eight years Charlottes senior and was a career naval officer. Maximilians mother Archduchess Sophia of Bavaria was married to the Archduke Frances Charles of Austria. Rumors of the time assumed that Maximilians father was actually not the Archduke, but rather Napoleon Frances, son of Napoleon Bonaparte. Maximilian and Charlotte were second cousins, both descended from  Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria and Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies, parents of Charlottes maternal grandmother Maria Amalia and Maximilians paternal grandmother Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily. Maximilian and Charlotte were attracted to each other, and Maximilian proposed their marriage to Charlottes father  Leopold.  The princess had been courted as well by Pedro V of Portugal and Prince George of Saxony, but loved Maximilian and his liberal idealism. Charlotte chose Maximilian over her fathers preference, the Portuguese Pedro V, and her father approved the marriage, and began negotiations over a dowry. Marriage and Children Charlotte married Maximilian on July 27, 1857, at age 17. The young couple lived first in Italy  in a palace built by Maximilian on the Adriatic, where Maximilian was serving as governor of Lombardy and Venice beginning in 1857. Though Charlotte was devoted to him, he continued to attend wild parties and visit brothels. She was a favorite of her mother-in-law, Princess Sophie, and had a poor relationship with her sister-in-law, Empress Elisabeth of Austria, wife of her husbands older brother, Franz Joseph. When the Italian war for freedom began, Maximilian and Charlotte fled. In 1859, he was removed form his governorship by his brother. Charlotte  stayed at the palace while Maximilian traveled to Brazil, and he is said to have brought back a venereal disease which infected Charlotte  and made it impossible for them to have children. Though they maintained the image of a devoted marriage in public, Charlotte is said to have refused to continue marital relations, insisting on separate bedrooms. Empress of Mexico Napoleon III had decided to conquer Mexico  for France. Among the motivations of the French was to weaken the United States by supporting the Confederacy. After a defeat at Puebla (still celebrated by Mexican-Americans as Cinco de Mayo), the French tried again, this time taking control of Mexico City. Pro-French Mexicans then moved to institute a monarchy, and Maximilian was selected as the Emperor. Charlotte  urged him to accept. (Her father had been offered the Mexican throne and rejected it, years earlier.)  Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria, insisted that Maximilian give up his rights to the Austrian throne, and Charlotte talked him into renouncing his rights. The couple departed from Austria on April 14, 1864.  On May 24 Maximilian and Charlotte - now to be known as Carlota - arrived in Mexico, placed on the throne by Napoleon III as Emperor and Empress of Mexico. Maximilian and Carlota believed that they had the support of the Mexican people. But nationalism in Mexico was running high, and other factors were at play that would ultimately doom Maximilians reign. Maximilian was too liberal for the conservative Mexicans who supported the monarchy, lost the support of the papal nuncio (the envoy representing the Pope) when he declared freedom of religion, and the neighboring USA refused to recognize their rule as legitimate.  When the American Civil War ended, the United States backed  Juà ¡rez against the French troops in Mexico. Maximilian continued his habits of relationships with other women.  Concepcià ³n Sedano y Leguizano, a 17-year-old Mexican, gave birth to his son.  Maximilian and Carlota attempted to adopt as heirs the nephews of the daughter of Mexicos first emperor Agustin de Ità ºrbide,  but the American mother of the boys claimed that she had been forced to give up her sons. The idea that Maximilian and Carlota had, essentially, kidnapped the boys further eroded their credibility. Soon the Mexican people rejected foreign rule, and Napoleon, despite his promise to always support Maximilian, decided to withdraw his troops.  When Maximilian refused to leave after the French troops announced they would pull  out, the Mexican forces arrested the deposed Emperor. Carlota in Europe Carlota convinced her husband not to abdicate, and she returned to Europe to attempt to gain support for her husband and his precarious throne. Arriving in Paris, she was visited by Napoleons wife  Eugà ©nie, who then arranged for her to meet with Napoleon III to get his support for the Mexican Empire. He refused. At their second meeting, she began crying and could not stop.  At their third meeting, he told her that his decision to keep French troops out of Mexico was final.   She slipped into what was likely a serious depression, described at the time by her secretary as a grave attack of mental aberration. She became afraid that her food would be poisoned. She was described as laughing and weeping inappropriately, and talking incoherently.She behaved strangely. When she went to visit the pope, she behaved so strangely that the pope allowed her to stay overnight at the Vatican, unheard of for a woman.  Her brother finally came to take her to Triest, where she remained at Miramar. Maximilians End Maximilian, hearing of his wifes mental illness, still did not abdicate. He attempted to fight the troops of Juà ¡rez, but was defeated and was captured. Many Europeans advocated for his life to be spared, but it was ultimately unsuccessful.  Emperor Maximilian was executed by a firing squad on June 19, 1867. His body was buried in Europe. Carlota was taken back to Belgium that summer. From then on, Carlota lived in seclusion for the last nearly sixty years of her life. She spent her time in Belgium and Italy, never recovering her mental health, and perhaps never fully knowing of her husbands death. In 1879, she was removed from the castle at Tervuren, where she had retired, when the castle burned. She continued her strange behavior. During World War I, the German Emperor protected the castle at Bouchout where she was living.  She died on January 19, 1927, of pneumonia. She was 86 years old. Sources: Haslip, Joan. Crown of Mexico: Maximilian and His Empress Carlota.1971.Ridley, Jasper. Maximilian and Juarez. 1992, 2001.Smith, Gene. Maximilian and Carlota: A Tale of Romance and Tragedy. 1973.Taylor, John M. Maximilian Carlotta: A Story of Imperialism.

Accounting homework questions Example

Essays on Accounting homework questions Assignment Sur Finance and Accounting May 11, Variance analysis is a popular decision making aid in many organizations. The premise upon which the approach derives its support comes from the realization that a company’s performance is determinable through comparison of actual performance with budgeted performance. Usually, a specific variance enables the management to understand whether a process is performing worse or better than was anticipated in the budget. Additional management tools include investment analysis tools such as net present value, by which the management can establish the most profitable investment areas of the business. This paper explores these management tools using practical real life cases from different corporations. 1. Activity Variances for June Revenue Variance = Actual Revenue – Planned Revenue = (53.40*3,100) – (53.40*2,600) = 165,540 – 138,840 = 26,700 (F) Personnel Expenses Variance = Actual - Planned = (39,700 + (12.60*3,100)) – (39,700 + (12.60*2,600)) = 39,060 – 32,760 = 6,300 (U) Medical Supplies Expenses Variance = Actual - Planned = (1,800 + (10.40*3,100)) – (1,800 + (10.40*2,600)) = 32,240 – 27,040 = 5,200(U) Occupancy Expenses Variance = Actual - Planned = (8,200 + (2.30*3,100)) – (8,200 + (2.30*2,600)) = 15,330 – 14,180 = 1,150(U) Administrative Expenses Variance = Actual - Planned = (6,100 + (0.20*3,100)) – (6,100 + (0.20*2,600)) = 6,720 – 6,620 = 100(U) Total Activity Variance = Actual - Planned = 26,700 – (6,300 + 5,200 + 1,150 + 100) = 26,700 – 12,750 = 13,950(F) 2. Efficiency variance for power cost Overheads Efficiency Variance = (Actual Hours*Overhead Rate) – (Standards Hours for actual Production*Overhead Rate) (Dalci Tanis, 81) =53,240*5.10 – 7,000*7.5*5.10 = 3,774(F) 3. Segmented income statement for the company (Accounting for Management, 1) Sales Channel Total Retail Wholesale Sales Revenues 740,000 500,000 240,000 Less: Variable Expenses Variable Expenses 346,000 245,000 101,000 Contribution Margin 394,000 255,000 139,000 Less: Fixed Costs Fixed Costs 152,000 79,000 73,000 Traceable Fixed Expenses 128,000 90,000 38,000 Total Fixed Costs 280,000 169,000 111,000 Profit Margins 114,000 86,000 28,000 4. a) Company’s income from processing a batch of the common input into X and Y Cost of common product = $71 Cost of processing = $10 Total production costs = $81 Revenue from Selling Products A and B: Sale of A = $29 Sale of B = $45 Total revenues = $74 The company makes $74 – $81 = -$7, For every batch of common product, the company makes a loss of $7 b) Selling each of the intermediate products, A and B as is vs. further processing Selling the intermediate products as they are incurs the company a loss of $7 per batch of common product. Hence, it worth considering alternative processing options. Total costs to produce the intermediate products (from previous calculation) = $81 Additional cost to make A into X = $14 Additional cost to turn B into Y = $29 Total cost for processing past the intermediate products = $124 Sale price of X = $39 Sale price of Y = $91 Total sales = $130 Total profit with additional processing = 130 – 124 = 6 The company would make a profit of $6 dollars per batch through further processing of the intermediary products. Selling the products at the intermediary stage makes the company a loss of $7. Therefore, further processing increases the company’s profit margin by $13 dollars a batch. Consequently, the product processed further into the final products X and Y for additional value. 5. Net present value of the project at 14% discount rate Cash outlay to fund the project: Direct investment $100,000 Cash savings in funding due to currently unused warehouse space: 0.25*200,000 = $50,000 Therefore, Actual investment cost = 100,000 – 50,000 = 50,000 Year Cash Flow Discount Factor (Given 14% discount rate (Boehlje Ehmke, 5) Present Value 1 17,000 0.8772 14,912.40 2 17,000 0.7695 13,081.50 3 17,000 0.6750 11,475.00 4 17,000 0.5921 10,065.70 5 17,000 0.5194 8,829.80 Present Value 58,364.40 Net Present Value = Present Value (of Net Cash Inflows) – Present Cash Outlay of the Project NPV = 58,364.40 – 50,000 = $8,364.40 The NPV of the project at 14% discount rate is $8,364.40 Whether to Accept or Reject the Project If is greater than zero (NPV0), the investment would be worthwhile, and therefore the project can be accepted. Since the NPV is positive, the project is worthwhile and is worth undertaking by the company, as it will result in accumulated earnings worth $8,364.40, according to the present value of money. The project will generate more cash inflow that will be the cost necessary to complete it. Works Cited Accounting for Management. Segment Reporting and Profitability Analysis-Segmented Income Statements. Accounting for Management. 2012. Web May 11, 2012 Boehlje, M and Ehmke, C. Capital Investment Analysis and Project Assessment. Purdue University. 2005. Pp. 3-5. Print. Dalci, I and Tanis, V. Activity-Based Variance Analysis: Another Approach to Overhead Costs Variance Analysis. Review of Economic and Business Studies. 2005. 9(10) Pp. 73-100. Print.

Strategic and SWOT Analysis of British Airways Free Essays

Introduction: Strategic planning is the process that an organization undertakes to ascertain its mission and way forward. Strategic planning helps an organization provide a direction to implement and achieve its objectives both in the short and the long run. It is nevertheless very significant to comprehend and distinguish that every plan that is chalked out by the organization cannot be termed as strategic. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic and SWOT Analysis of British Airways or any similar topic only for you Order Now For that reason it is very important that the strategic intent of an organization is entrenched on the actions and policies that will have a deep effect on future positively in an organization. Seeking out new markets customer attraction or the expansion of business operations are some pointers which an organization look forward to strategically. (Schneider and De Meyer, 1991) Mintzberg and Waters (1985) assert that in order to realize a strategy the initial phase of strategy formulation should be error free, otherwise the strategy would not be executed in a befitting manner. Therefore the strategy development process should follow a pre-designed path to achieve the objective. This can be illustrated in the following figure. As a result the strategy can be regarded as the behavior of a business. Like every behavior, a strategy is also influenced by factors that are interior and also exterior. The internal values of any organization are the controllable factors and the culture and capabilities of an organization determine the strategic course. In this era of globalization the resources which a particular organization have is not the only aspects influencing an organization strategy, it is also strongly influenced by external factors which is a significant factor in molding an organizations services and products and its eventual acceptance by the consumers. (Bourgeois, 1985) said that the main theory in strategic management is that a match amid environmental conditions and organizational capabilities and resources is of paramount importance to an organizations performance, and that a strategist’s job is to find or create this match. The types of plans are long, medium and short term plans to make th em work and effectively put into practice the organizational strategies Mintzberg et al (2005). These different plans are then used to line up all organizational activities for a positive way forward. (De wit et al, 2004). Another important element of strategic planning is to position the business in a way that it thrives for a longer period of time. The Strategic Planning Model is as follows: A brilliant strategic plan that is conceived in a realistic way might be ineffective for the reason that of ineffective implementation. This proper implementation relates to the internal capabilities of an organization that takes account of the resources, the workforce and other technical support to maximize the effectiveness of a strategy. In general it takes several years for an organization to make optimum use and benefit from a strategy. (Child, 1972). The reason being that economic conditions or the poor market conditions in a particular industry have a strong bearing on the success of a strategic approach. The organization chosen to study in the light of the resource based theory and its evaluation with regards to its strategic capabilities is ‘British Airways’. A brief intro of British Airways (BA), it is the flag carrier airline of the United Kingdom the largest airline in the UK based on fleet size, international flights and international destinations. British Airways was considered the largest UK airline by passenger numbers from its creation in 1974 until 2008, when it was displaced by low-cost rival Easy Jet. (History of British Airways, 2011). It is in the process of merging with Spanish airline Iberia. It is a member of the one world alliance together with Iberia, American Airlines and others. The strategic planning in the airline industry can range from the implementation of lean management programs to empowering employee to make the customer service better. In addition, the airline industry has witnessed the mergers and strategic alliances between airlines to strengthen their position in the market. The modern marketplace has also emphasized on the airlines being responsible to the community. This has surfaced up as a feature that can facilitate the organization to expand the competitive advantage. BA Strategy: The goal of British Airways is to present better-quality service to its customers, stakeholders and employees alike. The workforce of British Airways is a significant positive feature that strives to offer utmost advanced and pleasing service to its consumer. Their mission statement also retells their aim to achieve the status of the best airline universally. To be successful, the administration of British Airways has to show commitment to their business and believe in it more than anyone else. An essential facet of British Airways in conducting a thriving business is to correspond each and every portion of their business purpose to all the stakeholders. This stimulate them in order to get the superlative out them in view of the fact that information is authority and British Airways expand by empowering employees and other stakeholders so that they can counteract the danger of competitors. As stated in the annual report a good example is how British Airways makes sure that the departure is always on time. This is one of the foremost determinants of a good client services relationship management in the airline industry. (BA annual reports 08/09) Resource Based Theory: The Resource-based view of strategic management deals with resources and capabilities of an organization which allows the organization to make profits and a sustainable competitive advantage in the market it’s operating in. As explained by Capron et al, in the resource based theory the foremost source of competitive advantage is the firm and not the industry. (Capron et al, 1999) A firm’s competitive advantage is based on the firm’s resources in the form of assets and its inherent abilities to do better than its competitors. (Barney, 1991) The resource based theory view for British Airways competencies and resources are, with regards to resources, BS has a fleet of 200+ aircrafts over 500+ destinations worldwide (http://www.britishairways.com/travel/bafleet/public/en_gb),BA providing extra services such as Holidays and London eye name change.(http://travelwithkids.about.com/od/londonwithkids/ss/londonsightsee_7.htm). BA has the sole access to London Heathrow terminal 5 and also the image of BA counts as it a globally known brand and its long standing in the industry.(http://www.britishairways.com/travel/terminal-5-changes/public/en_gb?gsLink=searchResults) With regards to BA competencies in view of resource base theory, it has training schools for customer service and simulators and cabin members training. (http://www.bestaviation.net/school/british_airways_flying_club/ Also there comes the safety aspect as it fly and manage passengers in a safe manner in different destinations they operate in. It is recognized as a training centre by the City and Guilds, by qualifying all cabin crew with NVQ Level 2 and being the 1stUK airline to be granted such status. (http://press.ba.com/?p=334) THRESHOLDCA SWOT Analysis of British Airways: The strengths of BA are its brand image, alliances, its size and stability and its sole access to LHR terminal 5. The weakness are its reliability and trust aspect, laggards in terms of innovation and change and its employee management. The opportunities that BA has to grow more as a favored airline is its emergence in new markets, its quality system (SkyTrax) and competitors failing to deliver. The external threats with which BA is faced with are open skies agreement, its environmental awareness, global economic crises and lower cost competition by Ryan air, Easy Jet etc. (www.britishairways.com) PESTAnalysis of British Airways: Political: The BA has to comply with government heavy regulation to continue its operations. Due to war on terror the security has to beefed up with advanced measures so as to keep the consumers safe and confident in relation to their continued travel with BA as a preferred airline. Economic: The world going through severe crisis, so in order to manage fluently the BA should have cost cutting measures in place like reducing company travel to cover the loses also it is in a poor light with regards to the weak exchange rate of Pounds against Euro. The Oil prices are fluctuation which in turn affects BA operational cost and finally the crisis has reduced consumer spending to a large extent. (British Airways Corporate Responsibility Report) Social: The UK has an ageing population as stated in 21st century challenges, which gives BA the chance to tap in as older people has more time in hand to travel and for leisure. Technological: BA is investing in new technologies, its good from BA perspective as it must make sure that they remain updated to compete also they should beware of the strict new legislation with regards to environmental regulations. (British Airways, Technology, 2011) Environmental: BA takes care of environment seriously and in this regard as BA recognizes that in providing the economically and socially vital service of air transport they have an impact on planet and that is why in 1992 we became the first airline to report our environmental performance.(British Airways Environment, 2011) Legal: Good employee relations to avoid any legal wrangling and regulation of trade unions to avoid any strikes, also it has an open skies agreement. British Airways Business Performance since 2008: It says in the BA annual report 08/09 that BA is re-inventing the way it worked and the intent is to create a leaner organization with a culture based on performance and a culture through the flagship program i.e. Compete 2012. (BA annual report, 08/09, the way we run Business) Compete 2012 is a strategic initiative taken by BA through which it intends to achieve its vision of becoming the world’s leading global airline. This plan entails a 360 degree approach as in focusing in issues pertaining to the environment, relationships with suppliers and a new note and the BA tradition of supporting consumer friendly initiatives. The sponsorship in sporting events is a huge business with its existence globally. Events like Olympics and World Cup Football are the mega events that entice the organizations to align themselves with the event. British Airways has bagged the rights to be the official sponsor of the Summer Olympics to be held in Londonin 2012 as well as the Paralympics games. The airline is also entitled to use the logo of the London Olympics.(British Airways official carrier for London Olympic Games 6 February, 2008.) British Airways has also started a campaign known as Compete Me 2012 program. This program is instituted in conjunction with the London Olympics 2012. The underlying idea of initiating this program is to tell the audience about the way employees approach their work at British Airways. The very core of this program is to instill the spirit British Airways team have in pursuing a task. (BA Annual report 08/09) In the wake of independent auditors report with respect to the statement of the group and the company, it is to be seen that British airways failed to meet their financial target for the reason that of the unprecedented downturn in trading conditions. On the other hand, the move to Terminal 5 saw a step-change in BA operational performance and we achieved record-breaking punctuality and customer recommendation scores. Operating margin is the main way we measure our financial performance. BA in 2002 set the target of achieving a 10 per cent operating margin through the economic cycle and in 2007/08 and delivered this for the first time in its history. (BA Annual Report 08/09) Source: BA Annual Accounts Report 08/09 With respect to the operational bit of BA as mentioned before the move to Terminal 5 has delivered record-breaking levels of operational performance. Terminal 5 Ready to Go performance for 2008/09 averaged 46 per cent with a record high in March 2009 of 64 per cent. The ‘Ready to Go’ deals with how many of British Airways flights are all set for leaving at three minutes before the scheduled or planned departure time and spotlight on the feature of the departure procedure. As good performance at Heathrow drives good performance across the network, BA delivered its highest ever network-wide Ready to Go performance of 53 per cent. This translated into record levels of flights departing on time and within 15 minutes, as well as record levels of customer satisfaction with punctuality, as recorded by our GPM survey. (BA Annual Report 08/09) 2008/09 Source: BA Annual Accounts Report 08/09 With respect to Porter 5 forces after studying the annual report, BA competitive rivalry, is High, as in Long haul flights the distinction is minimal with regards to pricing and services and in short haul there are many players, BA power of suppliers, it is restricted by operational costs and a sole dependence on supplier for fuel, also as seen in the recent strikes the employees use trade unions to increase their bargaining power, which gives it a standing of High in this area. Power of Buyers, BA have little bargaining power and increased internet use by consumers have made them aware of the deals and situations, it is rated Medium.(BA Annual Report 08/09) The Threat of new entrants, the strength of BA is Low in this segment as, airline industry is a hard environment to break in as a new entity due to the costs associated with it. Also there are sufficient and strict barriers for exit which in reality kills the chance of any new entrant. The Threat to substitute is also Low, in view of the fact that it has very limited substitutes for long haul flights however for short haul flights there is a substitute available i.e. Ferry or Eurostar.(BA Annual Report 08/09) BA potential future strategy for the organization to grow its position in international and global markets: The study of BA various functions and practices as an organization from the strategic perspective it can be stated that British Airways prioritize its major functions, or in another words the resources that would help them to increase revenues are given due consideration, like the 2012 Olympics in London. Prioritization involves focusing on the particulars that really matters. For that reason it is crucial to prioritize things so that the company may not lose focus on issues that need urgent attention. For a business to be flourishing it is important that it must be able to decide what resource should be devoted and what not (Bailey and Johnson, 1995). The decision on what is important is key to prioritization. The planned stride of British Airways demonstrates a thriving position for the airline. British Airways has shown that their planning for the future is tactical and the marketing and management disciplines are intact accordingly. The alliance that British Airways has made is a strategic approach and the need of the moment. This will not only assist British Airways to curtail cost, it is also an excellent step to get hold of more customers. The planned objective in addition gives them the alternative to make the most of their assets in venture that would provide more benefits. London Olympics 2012 would give British Airways a chance to showcase their product to a larger audience. This strategy is an excellent platform that can reignite a new image of British Airways among the people. Furthermore as the business would increase during the Olympic Games, there is every likelihood for British Airways to increase the market share. However this should not be a strategy that might be pursued in the short run. The task might be intricate, but British Airways must try to convert the first time customers in to loyal customers.However for the aforementioned goal to achieve, British Airways will have to demonstrate dedication, preparation and implementation. Owing to the worldwide economic crisis unpredictable challenges tackle the airline industry. British Airways will also feel the pressures of the market forces. The alterations are the typical in airline industry that is very vulnerable to financial, regulatory, safety, environmental and extra exterior strains that are ahead of the entire control of management. The flourishing airlines will axis on well-situated basics when defining their upcoming groundwork. The catch is to be acquainted with what consumers require and how the airline can act in response to the recessionary situation. British Airways strategic initiative is a vital element in the idea of budding a business uniqueness of British Airways. This approach development all the plans that are executed from the viewpoint of all the stakeholders of the British Airways. They must make sure that all the employees channelize their effort for the identical objective, i.e. the productivity of the airline. On the other hand, this success is not only calculated in financial expressions. British Airways has revealed to the humanity that they are in addition paying attention to be extra answerable and contribute to the public in special ways. After considering each and every strategic plan started by British Airways, they have opted for motivating and significant actions. The present situation of British Airways gives a general idea of sound decision that adds to the airline’s approach formulation. The airline’s approach in addition facilitates to enlarge an outlook picture of the kind of strategic options that are or can be functional in prospect. How to cite Strategic and SWOT Analysis of British Airways, Essay examples

Media and Social Justice Essay Example For Students

Media and Social Justice Essay In addition, public realize that they also should understand how and why the role of the media in Malaysia especially has changed over time. 5. 0 Similarity of Media Practitioners and Public View of Social Justice There are similarities of media practitioners and public view of social justice in terms of education, economics, housing, environment and other social contexts. Social justice and human rights share with the public whose their interests are denied by unfair systems in those areas mentioned above. James Banks (1994) said that by encouraging the press to follow the principle that all human beings are entitled to expect decent standards of behavior concerning freedom and justice from worldly powers or nations, and that deliberate or inadvertent violations of these standards need to be testified and fought against courageously (pp. 11-12, quoted by William Ayers, p. 86). Another thing that has similarity between media practitioners and public view of social justice is public interests. But the question is, is there a public that is interested in the public interest? I think that the gap between rich and poor; those with unearned privilege and those who have been denied privilege based on their skin color, national origin, home language, gender, religion, disability, social class, immigrant status, age, or the other diversity that have been used to deny the social justice. 6. 0 Examples on How Social Justice Being Practiced by Malaysian Media 13th September 2008 ISA Detentions Undemocratic The All Womens Action Society (AWAM) condemns the governments use of the Internal Security Act (ISA) on blogger Raja Petra Kamaruddin, Sin Chew Daily News reporter Tan Hoon Cheng and Seputeh MP Teresa Kok. These actions are gross violations of citizens rights to trial and due process of the law, and freedoms of expression and information enshrined under our constitution. Similar to the Operasi Lalang in 1987, it appears that the government has yet again resorted to undemocratic laws such as the ISA in order to persecute the innocent under the guise of stabilizing the countrys political situation. That such means can be deployed after 51 years of independence speaks volumes about the state of our democratic institutions. Furthermore, these unjust scare tactics exacerbates the situation of heightened tensions and uncertainty. Meanwhile, the deeper issues plaguing the nation are left unresolved. We urge for reason to prevail, and call for the government to abide by the due process of the law and free the detainees. Haslinah Yacob Vice President The All Womens Action Society (AWAM) Media should explore objectivity as a means of avoiding bias by using methods that embrace the accurate representation of those who are denied access to social justice. Commonly, media in Malaysia put a target on community interests in the form of ethnicity which this one have been used as a justification tool in their way of delivering the message of social justice. Over the years Malaysian have been denied the basic right of press gets their freedom. The media have been prevent from speaking and frightened from playing the role of responsible source of credible information and differing opinions. Under such rigid control, the media tend to reflect and promote the agenda of the political elite and the rich while the concerns of independent civil society, the poor and marginal groups are sideline. Such manipulation of the media and practice of supporter reporting must stop. The media can have no credibility when they fail to uphold the highest standards of journalistic ethics and professionalism. If we are to build a genuinely democratic society, the media must not only be responsive to public needs, but must also be free to perform its functions. So as long the freedom of the media is bind, the right of Malaysian citizens to free expression is strictly violated. In addition, the control on media has periodically led to major government crackdowns. .ud87372abf7d01e3d58061446344aadb1 , .ud87372abf7d01e3d58061446344aadb1 .postImageUrl , .ud87372abf7d01e3d58061446344aadb1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud87372abf7d01e3d58061446344aadb1 , .ud87372abf7d01e3d58061446344aadb1:hover , .ud87372abf7d01e3d58061446344aadb1:visited , .ud87372abf7d01e3d58061446344aadb1:active { border:0!important; } .ud87372abf7d01e3d58061446344aadb1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud87372abf7d01e3d58061446344aadb1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud87372abf7d01e3d58061446344aadb1:active , .ud87372abf7d01e3d58061446344aadb1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud87372abf7d01e3d58061446344aadb1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud87372abf7d01e3d58061446344aadb1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud87372abf7d01e3d58061446344aadb1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud87372abf7d01e3d58061446344aadb1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud87372abf7d01e3d58061446344aadb1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud87372abf7d01e3d58061446344aadb1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud87372abf7d01e3d58061446344aadb1 .ud87372abf7d01e3d58061446344aadb1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud87372abf7d01e3d58061446344aadb1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Salem Witch Trials EssayThis happened in 1961, when Utusan Melayu was taken over; it happened again in 1987, when the authorities suspended the licences of The Star, Sin Chew Jit Poh and Watan. The other crackdown took place soon after the 1999 general election, when the Home Ministry slashed the frequency of Harakah, and banned Eksklusif, Detik and Wasilah. Besides, those in power have way to obvious media abuse. During election campaigns, the rule coalition manipulates and monopolizes the media by harping on political and economic instability, by stoking ethnic fears, make unfairly discrediting the opposition, and by distorting their views.At other times, the media have treat in misrepresentation, baseless speculation, untruths and character assassination. References Altschull, J. B. (1995). Agents of Power: The Media and Public Policy. New York, Longman. Barry, B. (1989). Theories of Justice. Hawester-Wheatsheaf, California. Mill, S. J. (1949). The English Utilitarians. Oxford Miller, D. (1976). Social Justice. Clarendon Press, Oxford. Mohd Safar Hasim (2004). Media Globalisation: Towards Greater Freedom or Responsibility. Malaysia. Shannon, P. (2008). Which Public? Whose Interests? Two Points of View. New York, Education Research in the Public Interest: Social Justice, Action, and Policy. Ryan, A. (1993). Justice, Oxford University Press, United States. Sayyid Qutb (2000). Social Justice in Islam. Islamic Book Trust, Kuala Lumpur. Tony Pua (2008). As crude oil price hits record US$100 per barrel, Government must act to reduce inflation, meet economic challenges and fulfil its social responsibilities. Malaysia. Tricia Yeoh (2008). Do Human Rights and Social Justice Objectives Conflict with Other National Priorities?. Malaysia, Harvard Project for Asian and International Relations (HPAIR).