Disraeli and Gladstone essays

Australian Consumer Law for Viagogo Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Why the ACCC thinks about that Viagogo has penetrated the ACL? Answer: The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) has taken the Switzerland based organization Viagogo to the Federal Court as in excess of 400 customer grumblings had been propelled against the organization in just a year. The ACCC have claimed that the organization has abused the arrangements of theAustralian Consumer Law as gave in booked 2 of the Australian Competition and Consumer Protection Act 2010[1] through creation portrayals which were bogus and deluding alongside enjoying conduct which was tricky and deceiving. The legitimate procedures have been started against the organization after the examination concerning the organization had been led by the CHOICE. The examination found that the supposed organization was associated with Opaque promoting techniques and dribble estimating so as to upgrade its deals. The motivation behind the organization was to encourage the offer of tickets by individuals who couldn't go to a specific occasion which is an authentic reason gi ven the option to individuals to sell tickets for occasion they can't join in. Anyway in common sense the organization charging robust expenses according to such transactions[2]. 473 contacts have being gotten by the ACCC this year from Australian customers as gave by the Deputy Chairman of ACCC Delia Rickard. It was given by the Australian purchaser guard dog that they expect all site enjoying ticket exchanging to be forthright and clear as for the expenses accused by them along of the sort of tickets sold and the attribute of their business. It had been asserted by the ACCC that the organization didn't uncover unavoidable and critical charge appropriately comparable to the ticket value which included booking expense of 27.6% alongside the dealing with fee[3]. Area 18(1) of theAustralian Consumer Law denies any individual or organization to enjoy activity which is misdirecting and beguiling are probably going to delude or mislead regarding exercises of exchange and Commerce[4]. The lawful procedures which have been started by the customer controller depended on the tickets sold by the organization between first May and 26th June 2017. While promoting to sell the book of nitwit for $135 the organization was including an extra expense of $42.50, the tickets for Ashes which were publicize to be sold for $ 330. 15 were included with an extra expense of 96.66 and the tickets for Cat Stevens which were promote to be sold for $450 were included with an extra charge of $29.95. This activity of the organization accounted to the infringement of Section 29 (1) (I) of the ACL which is corresponding to bogus and misdirecting portrayal. According to the arrangements of the segment an individual isn't permitted to make a portrayal which is bogus and misdirecting to the buyers in the exercises of exchange and business. This activity of the organization is likewise the repudiation of segment 48 (1) (an) and (b) of the ACL comparable to covered up price[5]. Also buyers were regularly coordinated to the site of the organization without their insight from Google search where the organization had recruited top list items for most extreme Entertainment music and games. A promotion was made by the organization that they are the approved affiliates which made numerous shoppers to buy tickets from them without having the information that the organization is really an affiliate. Claims were made by the shopper guard dog that genuine the utilization of word official the organization made a portrayal in such promotions that customers would have the option to buy unique and authority tickets from them where really the organization was a stage to sell tickets which was sold by others. This was again the penetrate of area 18(1) ACL according to tricky and deluding conduct just as segment 29 of ACL corresponding to bogus and deceiving portrayal. The organization had made Statesman that just 1% of the tickets are staying to be sold so as to make direness among the buyers to buy the tickets immediately when the tickets would even now be gotten from different sources selling the tickets. This was a type of trap ad which is examined in area 35 of the Australian purchaser law[6]. As indicated by this area the merchants must not make a promotion to expand the interest of the item without having goal to give them. The activity can likewise be charged under Section 18(1) of the ACL corresponding to misdirecting and beguiling behavior just as segment 29(1)(i) identified with bogus and deluding portrayal in regards to price[7]. Cautioning had been given by the shopper insurance collections of WA, NSW and Queensland to the buyers from buying tickets from the site. A gave by the purchaser assurance assortment of WA individuals just discovered that they had bought tickets for an affiliate which they were not permitted to go into an occas ion and needed to repurchase the tickets or pass up a major opportunity the occasion. Comparable to the body of evidence made by the ACCC against the organization it looks for orders, presentations, restorative distribution orders, financial punishments alongside consistence projects and cost of legitimate procedures. The choice of the court comparable to this case can have different ramifications on the Australian ticketing industry. Pertinent forces of the ACCC to guarantee consistence with the ACL The ACCC is the peak rivalry controller and purchaser security organization in Australia. It is a free government authority made by the Australian Competition and Consumer Act 2010 according to open intrigue. The point of the controller is to advance reasonable exchanging by organizations alongside furnishing assurance to the buyers concerning the activities of organizations. Wide scope of consistence apparatuses are utilized by the controller to forestall infringement of the enactment including shopper and business training and cooperating with the partners. A scope of implementation cures have likewise been given by the enactment to the ACCC which incorporates results dependent on court choices and endeavors authorized by the courts. The Australian Consumer Law is relevant at the Commonwealth level and is thenational buyer law of Australia; it is additionally pertinent in the states and regions. Four adaptable and coordinated methodologies are utilized by the ACCC so as to accompli sh consistence target of the ACL. Right off the bat the ACCC upholds the law which incorporates comprehending potential repudiations both in type of prosecution and regulatory way. Besides it teaches and illuminate buyers and organizations regarding the duties and rights under the law so as to guarantee consistence. Thirdly the controller works intimately with organizations for the usage of such methodologies through facilitated approaches. At long last market examines are attempted by the ACCC according to developing rivalry or purchaser issues to break down and deciding any disappointment corresponding to the market and procedures to address them. Without the ACCC working it would not be anything but difficult to control the market The ACCC have had the option to determine different requests in support of its concerning the ACL. On account of Singtel Optus Pty Ltd v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission[8] boundless download plan had been offered by the respondent organization for all clients who might utilize their administrations. The arrangement anyway has a few confinements which included decrease of speed subsequent to downloading a specific measure of information. It was given by the court for this situation that the utilization of the word boundless was deluding and misleading. On account of TPG Internet Pty Ltd vAustralian Competition and Consumer Commission[9] the court had forced 2 million financial punishments on the respondent for enjoying bogus and deluding promotion. The court found the utilization of word boundless and misdirecting and tricky. In this way similarly the ACCC has the ability to force punishments on Viagogo for including the word official its site where it is just exchangin g tickets. Comparable to cost additionally the ACCC can acquire punishment against the Company. Punishments had been gotten by the ACCC through the court for comparative lead by an organization on account of ACCC v AirAsia Berhad Company[10] For this situation the court requested a financial punishment of $200000. Suggestions It has been given by the contextual investigation that E-ticketing constrained has a comparable plan of action corresponding to Viagogo. In the event that they keep on utilizing a similar plan of action they will welcome on the danger of being indicted by the ACCC. Right off the bat the organization needs to comprehend the idea according to misdirecting and tricky direct as gave by area 18 of the ACL. So as to work in understanding to law the organization needs to guarantee that the general impression which is made by the lead on the organization is bogus or off base or not. While the organization doesn't need to give data in all circumstances however under explicit circumstance all pertinent data must be given to the shoppers to guarantee consistence of area 18 of the ACL. This data incorporates any detail which may almost certainly make a deceptive or beguiling impact on the buyer. The data ought to likewise be uncovered where it is sensibly expected by the purchaser that such data would be given. Along these lines if an exchanged ticket isn't legitimate, the equivalent ought to be educated to the shopper. Likewise making a notice through a web crawler like Google ought to likewise not be beguiling or misdirecting as gave in area 18 and segment 29 of the Act. According to evaluating the business needs to follow the rules as gave by segment 48 of the Act. The cost ought to in this manner be comprehensive with no concealed charge to be included last mentioned while buying the item as it would be against segment 29(1)(i) and 48(1)(a) and (b) of the ACL. Book index ACCC Takes Ticket Reseller Viagogo To Court (2017) Australian Competition and Consumer Commission https://www.accc.gov.au/media

How to Write an Article Review

How to Write an Article ReviewThe main goal in writing an article review is to prove to potential clients or consumers that your company has the ability to supply them with what they are looking for. This proves to these people that your company is good enough and your products are worthy of their time.Articles are beneficial in that you can easily write about your company and what you do. You can even use it as a chance to introduce yourself to your target audience. By doing this, people will be more willing to follow your business.Many business owners already know that writing is a skill and many of them even find it difficult to start learning the craft. There are many people who have turned to the internet to get the help they need when it comes to writing articles. The good thing about this is that you can get all the help you need online.There are experts out there who are more than willing to share their experience and expertise for other people who are in the marketing field. This allows you to learn from them without having to make them pay you anything. Most of the time, these people will offer their services for free.When it comes to how to write an article review, there are still some things that you need to remember. If you don't follow certain rules, you can actually end up damaging your business. Following the rules means writing articles that are focused on what the business is all about.You must also provide detailed information about the product or service that you're trying to sell. Doing this helps potential customers to have a better understanding of what you are trying to achieve. They will be able to tell why they should buy your products.You also need to provide tips and tricks that will help your potential customers to be successful with their business. Not only this, but you need to talk about the positive side of your business. If you do this properly, you'll be able to inspire others to be successful as well.Writing articles isn't so mething that you do once in a while. It's something that you do everyday and you need to make sure that you write well. Once you do this, you'll be able to get back on track and start making money again.

Saint Augustine s Book Review - 2376 Words

Saint Augustine Book Review Hist 381 By Tracie Youngblood Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis, also known as Saint Augustine or Augustine of Hippo, was a Christian Theologian and Philosopher. He was born in 354 to AD. in North Africa to a devout Christian mother and non-Christian, Pagen father. Although his mother raised him as a Christian, he spent the first half of his life trying to find fault within his mothers religion. He wrote Confessions when he was in his mid-forties, after he had joined the Church. It is often considered to be the first autobiography in Western Literature. However, Augustine used it more as an autobiographical framework of religious and moral text. Confessions consists of 13 books where he writes about his own experiences with sin and temptation. He discusses how the power of God’s word can give victory over one s sins. The name of the book provides a one word summary of the topic. By naming it Confessions, he tells the perspective audience that it is about the admission or confession of sin. Book 1, begins with a series of rhetorical questions that seem to be directed at God. He then moves on to provide answers to these questions by quoting scripture, all things find in you their origin, their impulse, the center of their being.(Augustine Pine-Coffin, 1961). Within the first chapter he shows specific interest in how God exists within the universe, and whether God is contained by the universe orShow MoreRelatedThe Power Of The Praying Parent1595 Words   |  7 PagesThe Power of the Praying Parent Saint Augustine’s Praise Song to His Mother Choose you this day whom ye will serve;... but as for me and my house, we will serve the Lord. - Josh 24:2, Around the year 354 in Tagaste, arose a child who fulfilled the prophecy in his name’s meaning and grew to become â€Å"great, and venerable†. The child, later regarded by theologists as the â€Å"Doctor of the Church† was Saint Augustine of Hippo. In his book, â€Å"The Confessions,† Saint Augustine recounts his spiritual journeyRead MoreWhat Good Is Good?1716 Words   |  7 Pagesno wrong and lives an honest life. So my question is what really is good? If there is good does there also have to be bad and evil? Are bad and evil the same thing or do they have different meanings as well? Each philosopher, Socrates, Plato and Augustine, had their own idea of what good meant to them and even though they had similar thoughts on what good was they had different ideas of where it came from. Socrates was known to be one of the greatest philosophers of the Western Civilization. HeRead MoreWomen And Spiritual Equality : New York : Saint Martin s Press, 19981358 Words   |  6 PagesMary McDowell Book Review-596 Ranft, Patricia. Women and Spiritual Equality in Christian Tradition. New York: Saint Martin’s Press, 1998. In the book Women and Spiritual Equality in Christian Tradition, by Patricia Ranft, a new and innovative look at the role of women in the sphere of Christianity is examined. In a total of twelve chapters, the Central Michigan University professor discusses the role that women played in the first fifteen hundred years of Christianity and she disputes the contentionRead MoreThe Confessions, Book Xi : Time And Eternity2932 Words   |  12 PagesTHY 600 Research Paper Joe Stocker Augustine s Confessions, Book XI: Time and Eternity Augustine s Confessions is a series of complex books that he compiled to elucidate his relationship with an all-powerful, all-knowing and all-loving God who is also the Creator of all things. Confessions recapitulates that those who have commenced their return to God must acknowledge their state before God so that He might set them free. It should be mentioned that Chan and Outler each point out that the wordRead MoreA Comparison Of Porphyry s Pythagoras Life And Comments On Euclid s Elements1379 Words   |  6 Pagesmathematics because of his Greek book â€Å"Pythagoras life† and comments on Euclid’s â€Å"Elements†. His â€Å"Introduction to Aristotle Category articles† has been used as a standard textbook logic after his death in a thousand years. In his later years, he married Marcella who is a widow with seven children, she is an enthusiastic of philosophy. Porphyry wrote â€Å"Introduction to Aristotle Category articles†during treatment of depression. It wrote to his student to explain it. The book was very popular in the middleRead MoreLying: Moral Choice in Public and Private Life1205 Words   |  5 PagesBook Review There comes a time when a doctor, minister or politicians and an individual will tell a lie. It could be a white lie or big lie; most people almost generally resort to lying in certain situation. Often times a lawyer will lie in order to protect his client, or vice versa, a client will tell a lie in order to avoid being incarnated. There are many situations an individual will be placed in, and at some point in a person’s life they will need to tell a lie. Is it appropriate toRead MoreNotes On The Day Of Sorrows1445 Words   |  6 PagesGod in order to experience the grace of his saving love Notes 2 I am†¦ Name three things you believe about people motto describes you My mom because she guides me, my dad because he empowers me, and my brother because he is my friend. The first book i read, when my siblings were born, and I believe God loves everyone, that he set the world in motion starting with the big bang, and that God forgives everyone. I believe that i can do whatever i set my mind to, that i underestimate myself, and thatRead MoreKing Henry Viii And The Schism2003 Words   |  9 PagesKing Henry VIII and the Schism St. Augustine, a Catholic saint that helped developed the Western Catholic Church, once said â€Å" There is nothing more serious than the sacrilege of schism because there is no just case of severing the unity of the church† (St. Augustine). Through this quote it is learned of the significance of the Catholic Church saw to staying together and avoiding a schism( a split between parties based on different beliefs). The Catholics believed that in the event of a break inRead MoreThe Bible Of Revelation Chapter 202173 Words   |  9 PagesIn referencing the book of Revelation chapter 20 verses 1-6, the debate continues on: has Satan not already been bound (post-millennial view)? There will not be a new kingdom on earth – (a-millennial view), or that the words of God written down by John the Apostle are accurate, true and correct (premillennial view). This paper stems to show that the only true view is that of the pre-millennial view, Christ will return with a new ear th and bring with him, all the saints of eternity to rule and reinRead MoreThe Transformation Of War Book2165 Words   |  9 PagesI. Main Thesis Martin van Creveld wrote The Transformation of War book in 1991 when he detailed a predictive hypothesis about the changing character of war into what he called ?Nontrinitarian War. There were conflicts arise as intrastate wars and were not based on the simplified version of Clausewitz?s ?remarkable trinity? of government, people and military forces (Van Creveld, 1991, pg. 49). In his book, Van Creveld offers an account of warfare in the previous millennium and suggests what the future

Essay on Something about Flann OBrien - 1787 Words

Flann OBriens At Swim-Two-Birds is a multifarious work of purpose, at once an experimental narrative that directly responds to James Joyces modernist work (acting as a forerunner of post-modernist thought), and a study on the tortuous challenges facing the dichotomies of Irish culture. At Swim is at its most understated, a text of parodies. OBrien expertly strings together the many layers of his novels world to express a slew of critical observations about modernist ideology and realism, as well as exposing a necessary dialogue on the formation and perception of Irish culture. A third major aspect of At Swim-Two-Birds lies closer to OBriens own life experience: this is a novel of Irish identity. The Irish identity that OBrien†¦show more content†¦OBrien investigates the clash of ideologies carefully, having found himself in a unique position which assisted in the observation of both sides. It is significant, McKullen writes, that â€Å"Flann OBrien who was born into that first, critical and cosmopolitan, post-independence generation was also paradoxically more familiar with Irish traditions than many of the Revivalists who embraced them or the Modernists that rejected them (McKullen, 76).† OBrien, born â€Å"Brian ONuallain,† was the son of ardent Irish nationalists; he spoke the Irish language at home, vacationed in the Gaeltacht (that is, the fringe of Western Ireland where Irish is predominantly spoken), and studied old and middle Irish in college. As for his own feelings on the subject, while At Swim-Two-Birds includes a myriad of old Irish folktale and mythology, it also points to a dissatisfaction with the Cultural Protectionism that was prevalent all around him. According to Dr. Joseph Brooker who writes on the subject, â€Å"in his own way, [OBrien] was one of the periods most penetrating critics of Irish pride (Brooker, 31).† Viewing the over-determination of Cultural Protectionism, OBrien could see the silliness of glorifying what must have essentially become caricatures of the Irish heritage. Irish scholar Eihblin Evans adds that, â€Å"for OBrien, Irish identity had been hijacked by a set of official cliches with disastrous effects (Evans, 104).† At Swim-Two-BirdsShow MoreRelatedThe Third Policeman: A Lesson in Absurdity Essay1571 Words   |  7 PagesThe Third Policeman: A Lesson in Absurdity The protagonist in Flann O’Brien’s novel The Third Policeman has spent the past several days following the bizarre characters Policeman MacCruiskeen and Sergeant Pluck in an even more bizarre world of his own creation. The narrator, who is bent on receiving his treasure, which is tucked securely inside a black box, follows these characters patiently waiting to receive his fate neatly packed away in a box. The narrator finds himself in the midst ofRead More James Joyces A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Flann OBriens At Swim-Two-Birds and Modernist Writing2431 Words   |  10 PagesJames Joyces A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Flann OBriens At Swim-Two-Birds and Modernist Writing The Twentieth Century found literature with a considerably different attitude and frame-of-mind than had the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Two hundred years is, of course, a long time to allow change within genres, but after the fairly gradual progression of the novel as a form, its change in the hands of modernism happened rapidly in comparison. Explaining how texts

Industry Analysis of Construction Sector in Saudi Arabia

Question: Industry analysis of construction sector in Saudi Arabia. Answer: One of the largest market for construction work in the middle east is in Saudi Arabia and has been ranked second in the economy after oil production. The construction sector in Saudi Arabia deals in optimally utilizing the available resources for developing its infrastructure such as highways, roads, buildings, metros, railways, health centre , hospitals and related transport system. Growing population is exerting pressure on development of infrastructures. The analysis of industry throw light on the economic performance of the concerned industry and it helps in understanding the growth trends of the sector and whether it would be beneficial for the investors to invest in such sectors. The construction equipment of Saudi is highly import driven and has a few global player (WIRE, 2016). The performance of the task of analyzing the industry involves several things : The available historical data of the construction sector is to be reviewed so as to analyze the growth trend. The construction industry had a growth of $ 43.8 billion in the FY 2013 compared to $ 36.5 billion in the FY 2011 and it will continue to expand over the years following investments in manufacturing plants, housing projects, transport infrastructure. In order to support economic growth, the government is supporting its investment in infrastructures. The Saudi government 10th development plan include investment of $ 151.5 billion in petrochemicals , $ 258.2 billion in electricity and $ 126.7 billion in water, gas and electricity. There are many sub sectors which contributes to the performance of the construction industry such as cement sector. The critical factors which serves as the barometer of the construction industry is the building material sector that is the cement sector has entered the period of uncertainty and this has reduced the material costs of the constructing firms. The labor policy initiated by the government and a drop in oil price has lead to fall in the overall construction costs. The sales from construction had recorded a maximum growth of 5 % in the FY 2015. The government revenue form the construction sector has accounted for over 14 % for the year 2014. The largest allocation of the budget expenditure has been made toward the social infrastructure and it accounted for about 43.8 %. The budget of FY 2015 has made largest allocation of US $ 167.82 billion and the demand base of the kingdom is also very strong (Alhammadi et al., 2016). On the other hand, construction industry has also bee n faced with few challenges due to the shortage in supply of labor and construction material such as steel and cement which forced the kingdom to import the materials from other countries. During FY 2013- 2014, construction industry was faced with the shortage of skilled labor which delayed major projects (Albogamy et al., 2012). And also the sharp decline in the oil price has led to the deficit in the government budget of US $ 14 billion for the year 2015 which would be detriment the growth of construction industry in Saudi Arabia. The government has declared a total spending of US $ 224 billion for the FY 2016 and this has come from the force of reduced oil price (Al Kharashi Skitmore, 2012). Provisions for the nexttwo years : The construction sector of the kingdom through the development of residential segment and infrastructure has a expectation of performing strongly in the coming years. The outlook for construction sector seems quite bright with a forecasted CAGR of 7.05 % by the next two years. The value of construction industry is expected to rise to US $ 148.5 billion in 2020 as compared to US $ 105.6 billion in 2015. The growth is posed by a risk of falling oil prices and the country generates in maximum revenue from oil sectors and also there is a large budgetary deficit ("2016 Construction Market in Saudi Arabia - Key Trends and Opportunities to 2020 - Research and Markets"). The expansion of the construction sector is followed by investment in health, transport, manufacturing plants, education and housing projects. The construction sector is forecasted to have highest average salary increase at 10 %. There is an increase in contractor awards for the infrastructure sector by $ 5.58 billion in the FY 2016. There would be a modification in the construction industry . the construction equipment of Saudi Arabia is projected to grow at CAGR of 8.75 % during 2015- 2021 (Saudi Arabia Construction Equipment Market (2015-2021)Market Forecast Equipment Types (Crane, 2016). Reference : Albogamy, A., Scott, D. and Dawood, N., 2012. Addressing Construction Delays in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.International Proceedings of Economics Development Research,45, pp.148-153. Alhammadi, Y., Algahtany, M., Kashiwagi, D., Sullivan, K. and Kashiwagi, J., 2016. The Current State of Research and Development Approach (RD) in the Saudi Construction Industry.Procedia Engineering,145, pp.1462-1469. Al Kharashi, A. Skitmore, M. (2012). Causes of delays in Saudi Arabian public sector construction projects. Construction Management And Economics, 27(1), 3-23. Saudi Arabia Construction Equipment Market (2015-2021)Market Forecast Equipment Types (Crane, W. (2016). Saudi Arabia Construction Equipment Market (2015-2021). 6wresearch.com. Retrieved 8 June 2016, WIRE, B. (2016). Businesswire.com. Retrieved 8 June 2016.

Korean Immigrants In America Essays - Military History By Country

Korean Immigrants in America Description Story of Korean immigrants in America The Paper: Before the World War II era, the smallest Asian community to settle in the United States of America was the Korean American community. Between 1903 and 1905, immigration records show some seven thousand Koreans migrated to Hawaii. Hawaii had been annexed to the United States in 1898 and organized as a territory in 1900 A fraction of those immigrants came to the mainland. After 1905, sizable. Korean emigration was all but stopped by Japanese overlords. Tens of thousands of Koreans then went or were brought to Japan, but their descendants are still not granted citizenship and other human rights. The early Korean American community differed from the other Asian communities in social characteristics. The Koreans were largely a community of . families, and a majority of them had converted to Christianity before leaving their homeland. They saw Christianity as a kind of protection from the brutal Japanese regime. (Encyclopedia of American Social History, Volume II, pages 880-887) (America-A New World Power, Page 107) The changes in the world that were made by World War II opened the golden door of immigration once again. However, Korean immigration to the United States was most greatly influenced by the Korean War and fueled anew by the Immi- gration Act of 1965. Before World War II, Korea had been one country, but in the aftermath of that war, Korea was taken from Japan and occupied by the Soviet Union north of the thirty-eighth parallel, and by the Americans south of that line. After four years of occupation, American forces left South Korea in 1949. North Korea saw this as the chance they had been waiting for, the invasion of South Korea... (Readers' Digest, The Story of America, 457) The Korean War began June 25, l950. It was early afternoon in New York, high noon on the West Coast, and four o'clock in the morning in faraway Korea. The summer monsoons had just begun, and heavy rains were falling, when the North Korean army of seventy thousand men, forty miles of big guns, and Russian T34 tanks crossed the thirty-eighth parallel. Sheet after sheet of flames erupted, and North Korean planes filled the air toward Seoul, less than fifty miles away. As General MacArthur would later state, "North Korea struck like a cobra" that wet morning of June 25, 1950. The Korean Peoples' Army(KPA) and the North Korean Army captured Seoul on Wednesday, June 29th, 1950. Russian diplomats had been boycotting the United Nations Security Council meetings, because the United Nations had not admitted Red China. Because of that boycott, President Harry Truman was successful in his appeal to the United Nations for "police action". For the first time in history, on Sunday, July 3, l950, an international organization voted to intervene against aggression.("The Glory and the Dream" William Manchester, pages 532, 533, 535) American ground forces successfully landed on Inchon September 15, 1950, and the United Nations forces began to gain the offensive. They retook Seoul, crossed the thirty-eighth parallel and broke through the Pusan perimeter by September 30th. KPA forces began retreating in the second phase of the war. Southern forces were approxi- mately twenty-five miles north of the parallel and had captured Wonson, on the eastern side of North Korea. After the regain of land, the South Korean forces, without much resistance from the North Korean units, marched toward the Yalu River. The tide of the war was turned once more, by the unexpected decision of China's entry into the war. United Nations forces were sent retreating again by the North Korean units which included Sino-Korean troops. Pyongyang was retaken by the Communist forces on December 6, who then re-crossed the parallel, and retook Seoul by the end of December. By the end of January, 1951, United Nations forces regained the offensive on the Han River and retook Seoul by March 14. Conditions were of desperation and despair in all of Korea, especially Seoul ,which had changed hands four times. Many Koreans fled their homes to find refugee camps, but did not leave in large numbers until after 1965. Truce negotiations began July 10, 1951, but dragged on for months and

asian american essays

asian american essays Twinkling stars off in the distant sky shine as a symbol of hope. Hope for those who dream for a better way of living, and a new beginning. Thus this dream would soon be a reality for people of Asian ethnicity, but would prove to be far more difficult then imagined. The road that lied ahead would be full of difficult obstacles, and implicit messages that read "go home," but what was home? People previously known as Orientals and now classified as Asian Americans have almost all, at one time or another, been excluded from U.S. citizenship. Asians were discriminated against because of the color of their skin, or simply put they weren't white. One huge obstacle was "The Naturalization Act of May 16, 1790, which required a two year residence in the United States and one year residence in the state where the naturalization was granted"(Ogle County Naturalization). This Act regulated those who weren't "free whites," and especially targeted Asian immigrants. Congress first created this Act in hopes to discourage immigration by any non white persons. By the mid 1800s citizenship was finally given to African Americans thanks to the 14th Amendment, however Asian immigrants continued to be discriminated against. Not having citizenship in America clearly had its disadvantages. For example, in May 1952 the foreign miners' license tax was issued. American miners felt threatened from the presence of Chinese miners. American miners wanted to eliminate competition from foreign miners. The California Assembly argued that "they degraded the American white workers already in the state and discouraged other Americans from coming to California" (Takaki 81). This tax directed specifically towards the Chinese, which now required a monthly payment from all foreign miners. Since the Chinese at this time could not gain citizenship because of the Naturalization Act of 1790, they soon found themselves victim to this tax. ...

Product Hunt Books A new opportunity for discoverability

Product Hunt Books A new opportunity for discoverability Product Hunt Books: A new opportunity for discoverability? We all know the importance of a book’s â€Å"launch.† That moment when you finally launch your characters into the outside world and put them at the mercy of your readers. That moment when, if you’re publishing digitally, it all becomes about making friends with Amazon’s little elves.Once you’ve let your mailing list, Twitter followers and Facebook fans know about your new book, it becomes time to look for new readers, places and audiences.Product Hunt Books might be one to strongly consider. While famous in the â€Å"tech† space, the Product Hunt website is much lesser-known among authors, and that is where the opportunity lies (as there is less competition!). To let Reedsy readers know more about it, we managed to interview Erik Torenberg, founding team member  of Product Hunt and Product Hunt Books, to tell us more about the platform and how you can use it. We've added our personal Reedsy opinion on the matter in italic right under  hi s answers.You can also check out Reedsy Discovery, our platform that helps indie authors gain reviews and exposure for their books!Interviewing Product Hunt founding team member Erik TorenbergHi Erik, it’s an honor to have you on the Reedsy Blog! For our non-techy readers, could you tell us quickly what Product Hunt is all about?Product Hunt is a place to discover new and undiscovered products - from apps and websites to games and books - and discuss them with other awesome people. It grew from a simple email list to talk about apps and websites into a website where people started â€Å"hunting† not only apps and sites but also books, games, movies, music, etc.More on Product Hunt: Erik’s actually being quite modest. Product Hunt is the leader in tech product discovery. Last time Reedsy was â€Å"hunted† there, we got a massive spike in traffic, and great feedback from early adopters: https://www.producthunt.com/tech/reedsy-2The way it works is: people â€Å"hunt† (submit) products, and the curators select a few that are featured on the landing page. Users can then â€Å"upvote† the products they like most after reading more about them on their product hunt page. The products that get to the top are then selected for Product Hunt’s daily and weekly newsletters.A few months ago, you launched Product Hunt Books. What was the thinking behind it? Why books?We launched books for a few reasons. First, people started hunting books on the main producthunt.com website: Peter Thiel’s Zero to One did very well, Ashlee Vance’s biography of Elon Musk did very well, Eric Ries’ new book did very well, etc.More importantly, I’m a big fan of books! I love to read, and I realized that we had a lot of readers on Product Hunt. I knew Eric Ries had started a book club and that it had gone really well, so I decided to create one as well and a few thousand people joined in just to start.A lot of publisher s and authors are convinced there is a huge â€Å"content discoverability† problem in the book publishing industry. Would you agree with that? Does Product Hunt Books aim at solving it?Yeah, I think there’s a content discoverability problem for books. There are so many books out there but I want to read stuff that has been curated for me by either people who I really respect and follow or by my close friends. So we’re really investing in â€Å"collections† to make that possible: we have a collection by Mark Cuban, Eric Ries, and many more.More on collections: Collections also exist on the general Product Hunt website and work really well. Here’s an example: https://www.producthunt.com/e/tools-for-writers: we get traffic coming from that one on a regular basis.For the future of Product Hunt Books, collections represent a huge opportunity for authors and readers. They offer every reader the opportunity to â€Å"curate† their own list of books, in a much more elegant way then Goodreads. Then, people can â€Å"follow† collections, the same way you would follow a book reviewer or blogger. As Product Hunt becomes less â€Å"tech-oriented† and gathers a more generalistic following, PHB collections could become one of the biggest players in book discoverability.How are the books featured on the Product Hunt Books page selected every day?We’ve got a team of curators who basically see the feed of submitted books and select which books to let through on the landing page every day. Those curators have been vetted by us and are people who’ve been familiar with Product Hunt for a while now.If I’m a reader, how does Product Hunt Books work? Are there any â€Å"perks† to using Product Hunt to find my next book? Do authors offer discounts on Product Hunt?Yes, some authors will do â€Å"exclusives† for Product Hunt: for Neil Strauss we did an exclusive of the first few chapters. Weâ€℠¢ll do other things like that where readers get the first few chapters for free, or exclusive pre-launches.If you’re an author, we’d love to do deals with you to offer something special to Product Hunt readers. Some publishing houses want us to do quizzes and surveys, and we’re keen on doing that. We’re also very open on working with people who are self-publishing and going outside of the traditional route.Some authors have huge followings. Aren’t you worried that they’ll just invite all their existing readers to vote for their book once it’s been â€Å"hunted†?Yes, that can always be a concern, when Ashton Kutcher or Snoop Dogg post something on Product Hunt for example - they have millions of followers. But the Product Hunt community is so big already that most of the time, it’s not going to be enough to move the needle. When Snoop posts something it sometimes goes to the top, but sometimes also doesn’t. Author s don’t have more followers than those guys do, so I’m not super worried about it!Testimonials from authors and publishersOf course, you don’t need to take Erik’s word for it. Here are two testimonials from people whose books have been featured on Product Hunt Books.Reedsy - The Fundraising Field GuideYou might remember we published a book at Reedsy a few months ago. As it was a â€Å"tech† book on fundraising, we thought that Product Hunt Books would be the perfect audience for it. And we were right, we got a nice spike on the day it was featured and over 100 upvotes on the book: producthunt.com/books/fundraising-field-guideWhat now for Product Hunt Books?To sum up, Product Books represents not only an awesome marketing channel for authors who write for a tech-savvy audience. It also presents major new opportunity for the whole book industry if it manages to establish itself as a major player in the â€Å"book discovery† game. We can defin itely see that happening: in terms of user experience and design, and through its â€Å"collections†, it is, in theory, a much better platform for readers than, say, Goodreads. The question is whether it will be able to break out of its â€Å"techy† reputation and go mainstream to touch a wider variety of readers, and genres.In the meantime, if you have a new release and want to see if Product Hunt can be good for you, submit your book here: https://www.producthunt.com/books/new and then trust the little PH elves to make it rise. They’re usually nicer than the Amazon ones.Check out today's hunted book on the Product Hunt Books page!Do you think Product Hunt Books can become a major player in book discovery? Have you had your book featured there? Please leave us your thoughts and experiences in the comments below and join the conversation!

Measuring Business Performance Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Measuring Business Performance - Coursework Example According to Chary (2009: 19.7) efficiency is defined as the ability of a business to produce a desired effect, service or a product with a minimum amount of effort. While effectiveness is defined as the degree or extent to which objectives are achieved, it is being successful in realizing or achieving what is required. Wharton (2012) defines effectiveness as the total output that is generated while efficiency refers to the economy in the utilization or use of resources to perform a task. Assume a lathe operator assigned to make bushes, makes 500 bushes per shift using 25 kilogram of steel rod. The effectiveness is that the operator makes 500 bushes per shift while the efficiency is that the operator produces 25 bushes per kilogram of steel rod. i) Higher levels of effectiveness and efficiency contribute to better results. They enable the company to increase their productivity by producing lower cost goods and services than competitors. This therefore makes the company to make higher profit for each unit sold or offer lower price than competitors to the customers (Wharton (2012: 24). ii) The company is able to develop a competitive advantage over its competitors. Higher levels of efficiency and effectiveness enable organizations to produce high quality goods and services. The organization is able to utilize their resources optimally to achieve desired output thus being ahead of their competitors (Chary, 2009: 19.8). iii) Finally, achieving higher levels of effectiveness and efficiency enables businesses to learn how to energize their workforce to focus on common goals. It helps the organization to manage and direct their human capital towards goal achievement and mission fulfillment. The organization is therefore able to create better communication, leadership, interaction, direction, adaptability as well as positive environment (Chary,

Theoretical relationships between market structure and bank Essay

Theoretical relationships between market structure and bank performance - Essay Example Besides, most banking institutions are failing to engage with customers due to the rising competition from other customers. As opposed to this, it remains the duty of the bank to re- arrange itself in order to beat the other competitive banks in the market. For instance such a bank needs to sell its services well to its potential clients outside through sales representatives ( Gutek, Barbara, & Theresa, 2000). The market structure is normally very sensitive for any institution to sell its services to the publics. The banking institutions at time sell customer products and services they do not comprehend. This makes it easier for banks to really charge these services rather than focus on customer needs which is the most important aspect in the market. High concentration in market encourages organizations to collude. A bank in a more concentrated market will earn higher profits than a bank operating in a less concentrated area ( Etro,2009). In order a bank to know the relation that exi sts between market structure and their performance it should employ or investigate the effects that are caused by changes in the structure or formation of the market. There are two theories that are used to explain how a bank can determine its profitability and understand better its relation with the market structure. They are namely; the structure-conduct- performance (SCP) and the efficient-structure (E-S) hypotheses. The bank will also use the following measures to evaluate the banks performance; return on asset (ROA), return on capital and return on capital ( Baligh, 1997). Structure-conduct-performance theory Structure-conduct -theory determines the degree of a firn’s performance....Most banks may therefore end up in lobbying in order to stop or delay the success of any competitive policy. The market power may however be lost if banking institutions establish non-competitive prices in their products and services. This theory mainly uses market share to measure efficient structure hypothesis. This hypothesis is negatively related with profitability. Market power is the ability of a company to control the prices in the market by manipulating the demand or the supply of goods and services or both. The ability of a company to control prices can have a negative effect on the bank performance due to lower interest rates that will have to be charged on the clients when acquiring loans from the commercial banks. This is due to monopoly in provision o services and goods which money supply low ( Etro,2009). â€Å"Quiet life hypothesis† indicates that the banks tend to enjoy the market power through foregone revenues and the savings on the costs, while the â€Å"efficient structure hypothesis† describes companies are able to make bigger profits into the company than their competitors due to maximum efficiency and not sales or provision of services.

Cuban Missile Crisis Essay -- essays research papers

On October 22nd, 1962, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 35th President of the United States of America, addressed the nation on television. In his seven-point speech, he informed his audience that long-range nuclear missiles, capable of â€Å"striking most of the major cities in the Western Hemisphere, ranging as far north as Hudson Bay, Canada, and as far south as Lima, Peru† (JFK library p. 3) were being installed in Cuba by the Soviet Union. President Kennedy discussed the United States’ response, which included the placement of a naval blockade around the island of Cuba, a request for an immediate convening of the United Nations Security Council, and a heightened military alert. However, it was his third point which sent a chill around the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Third: It shall be the policy of this Nation to regard any nuclear   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  missile launched from Cuba against any nation in the Western   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hemisphere as an attack by the Soviet Union on the United States,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  requiring a full retaliatory response upon the Soviet Union.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (JFK Library p. 3) With these words, President Kennedy informed the world that the Cold War was perilously close to turning hot, and the world stood on the brink of nuclear holocaust. Almost twenty years since the end of World War 2, after two decades of mounting tension between the Soviet Communist Empire and the Western allies, the dreaded nuclear showdown was underway. America and the Soviet Union were on a collision course. How had this come to pass? Although the announcement came as a great shock to the public, the Cuban Missile Crisis had not occurred â€Å"overnight†; it had been building for more than two years. In mid-1960, Cuba signed agreements with the USSR and Czechoslovakia, and almost immediately U.S. Intelligence detected the start of a massive, secret arms buildup on the island, sponsored by the Soviets. (Johnson, Hatch p. 2) Soviet ships began arriving at Havana, and the Cubans unloaded them under extreme secrecy. Over the next year, U.S. Intelligence recorded deliverie... ...ations, to ensure the carrying out and continuation of these commitments (a) to remove promptly the quarantine measures now in effect and (b) to give assurances against the invasion of Cuba. (Goldman, Stein p. 3) On October 28, the Russian Premier conceded to President Kennedy's demands by ordering all Soviet supply ships away from Cuban waters and agreeing to remove the missiles from Cuba's mainland, and the world breathed a sigh of relief. Looking back on the crisis, Robert McNamara believed the world was one step away from nuclear war. That step would be the President ordering invasion of Cuba. What was not known at the time was the presence of 43,000 combat-ready Soviet soldiers in Cuba, or the deployment of tactical nuclear weapons along Cuba's shore. Khrushchev had also given a standing order to his generals that if he couldn't be reached in the event of an invasion, they had authority to launch battlefield nuclear weapons. If Kennedy had invaded, the Soviets would have used nuclear weapons and President Kennedy would have had no choice but to retaliate. The response would likely have been an attack on Soviet soil, and global nuclear war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Marketing Concept

In the article â€Å"Pow! Romance! Comics Court Girls† by Matthew Phillips, it features the comic company’s new market. Male readers have always been the comics company’s target market for the past several years. Commonly, the main character portrays the strength of male gender. In the launching of the new comic series, â€Å"The Plain Janes†, â€Å"Re-Gifters†, â€Å"Clubbing,† DC Comics set a new target market, which are the female readers. It is a big opportunity to expand the possible customers for their market. Their market strategy is that they made the titles more appealing to the women. They based it on fantasy and romantic storylines to get girls’ attention. They emphasized female strength and their interests. By this strategic move, comic-book industry had their most significant growth. The Diamond Comics rose their sales to a 15% increase while Marvel Entertainment's publishing-segment revenue — which includes sales to booksellers and comic shops — rose 17% to $108.5 million. This market strategy is very advantageous for both parties. It provides materials for the female readers and also an additional market implying additional income for the company. The benefit of the market expansions is advantageous not only to the customers but more importantly to the company itself. The â€Å"Nolan Ryanx Pitches Virtues of U.S. Beef To Dubious Japanese† written by Amy Chozick, was all about the campaign on how to win back the Japanese customers on buying U.S. beef products. It has been very evident that the demand for beef had decreased since it was banned in Japan at 2003 due to the outbreak of mad-cow disease. It was a big challenge since there is a huge decrease in market and also competition was intensified. Japanese ordered more than 50% of their beef from Australia. By using a promotional strategy on the declining market, their market sales had been saved. Baseball legend Nolan Ryan was made as a campaign model. The slogan â€Å"Beef makes you strong!† was thrown during a ceremonial first pitch during a baseball game at   A concession stand called the â€Å"American Meat Booth† sold boxes filled with American beef and featuring Mr. Ryan's photo in the meat aisles at major grocery stores under in Chiba, a Tokyo suburb, last month. The campaign starring Mr. Ryan was featured in more than 2,000 different beef-related promotions over a three-month period. Once the problem was identified, promotional strategies (advertising campaign) are useful in uplifting the image of the product (U.S. beef) to the customers (Japanese consumers). Using Nolan Ryan, a well-known pitcher, as the endorser has a big impact on the Japanese since Japan is fond of baseball. He is also a credible person in line with meat knowledge since he also has his own cattle farm. In effect of this campaign, the American beef monthly sales had been doubled according to Philip Seng, president of the Denver-based federation. The cost of the promotion has not been stated but the ideal is that it should be relatively lower than the revenue. He admitted that there is a lot more to do to regain the past demand, after the sudden decline in sales due to the negative connotation of the mad-cow outbreak, but as their sales imply, the promotional campaign can be said successful.    Marketing Concept Marketing philosophy has experienced three major shifts during the history of commerce in the United States. First it was production oriented, then sales oriented, and currently it is consumer oriented. Till the late 1920s, companies had limited production capacity, and there was continuous demand for their products. The belief at that time was that, one can sell as much as one can produce. The entire company used to focus on production and Marketing was limited to taking order and supplying products on time. With the introduction of mass-production, production capacity caught up with and, in many areas, exceeded demand. Now, the businesses were sales oriented. Their philosophy became selling as much as one can, by using advertisements and other promotional activitiesThe end of World War II bought a world of choices to the consumers and a lot of competition to the existing players. There started a heavy competition for the consumer dollar. Businesses quickly came to realize that if t hey were going to get their share of those dollars, they were going to have to become more consumer oriented. This change in philosophy became known as the marketing concept.The Marketing concept relies on marketing research to define market segments their size and their needs. It is the philosophy that the companies should analyze the needs of their customers and then make decision to satisfy those needs better than their competition. (www.NetMBA.com)Thus, the marketing concept is essentially establishing a tangible relation between a company’s capabilities with customer needs. However, this is not the only factor that is taken into account. The marketing environment has other competitors who are planning the very same strategies to lure consumers. Herb Kelleher, CEO of Southwest Airlines says†We don’t have a Marketing Department; we have a customer department† And in the words of a fords executive â€Å"If we are not customer driven, our cars won’ t be either† (Kotler, Armstrong. 2006). Companies that have embraced the marketing concept have found that it has had a strong impact on sales. They have also found that, in many respects, it has changed the way they operate.In addition the volatility of the marketing environment like and changes in the political, economic, social and technological environment, should also be taken into account, while developing a strategy. Any organization that applies the marketing concept essentially puts its present and potential customer’s needs as a guideline for its marketing and organizational operations.For e.g. – Consumers need to eat when they are hungry. What they want to eat and in what kind of environment will vary enormously. For some, eating at McDonalds satisfies the need to meet hunger. For others a microwaved ready-meal meets the need. Some consumers are never satisfied unless their food comes served with a bottle of fine Chardonnay. (http://www.tutor2u.net/bus iness/marketing/marketing_concept.asp)However, after creating a desire in the consumers, the pricing should also be sufficiently affordable, make them actually purchase the product.The Marketing concept first analyzes the needs of the consumer and then decides the appropriate product to fulfill those needs. Being customer driven, the marketing concept starts with a target market and customers. The company then focuses on the needs of these consumers and integrates all its marketing activities towards building an effective relation with these customers.For e.g. – The shift in buying behavior from marketplace to â€Å"marketspace â€Å"made Microsoft enter into online automobile retailing with CarPoint.com. While CarPoint could not â€Å"sell† or deliver any cars, it could shift much of consumer search, comparison, and decision-making, including pricing, from the physical platform of the traditional car dealer to the virtual world of the Web (Boyd, Walker, Mullins, 200 6).As is clearly seen above, such customer-driven approaches succeed, when the consumers know what they want. There is a clear need which is fulfilled by a combination of product and promotional mix. In many cases however, the customers do not know what they want or need. For e.g. – 25 years back, the concept of e-books or for that matter cell phones for a regular usage was something an average customer could not foresee.Such cases call for customer driver marketing, where the company understands the customers even better than the customers themselves. As Sony’s Akio Morita says â€Å"Out plan is to lead the public with new products, rather than as them what kind of products they want.† (Kotler, et al, 2006) SONY Corporation was the first to come up with the idea of a â€Å"walkman†, when they observed that consumers like music to be with them always. It is just as if they well â€Å"humming the music†. The idea, which was initially fiercely oppose d, became a milestone in the company’s history.Marketing CommunicationAccording to Philip Kotler – Any Company’s marketing strategy requires more than just developing a good product, attractively pricing it and ensuring its ready availability to its consumers. The strategy must include communicating with its current and prospective customers, and what they communicate should not be left to chance. (Kotler et al 2006)Companies use a wide range of marketing communications to promote the company, their products and their services. A company’s total marketing communication mix consists of a combination of tools like advertising, sales promotion, public relations, personnel selling and direct marketing tools (Kotler et al. 2006).Each of these categories involves specific tools. Advertising includes brochures, flyers TV/radio broadcasts etc.   Sales promotion includes free demos, discount coupons, Sale etc. Public relations includes sponsorships, press releas es etc. Personnel selling includes trade shows, sales presentations etc. Direct marketing includes telemarketing, direct selling etc.Before any company decides to go in for a specific blend of the above mentioned tools, it should first decide the message to be passed across, the recipients or audience for the message, way and means of presentation and its timing. In addition the follow-up actions after the message is passed across should also be decided, in order to avoid confusion when the orders or product information requests do start coming in.Owing to the advancements in Information technology, the consumers are now becoming increasingly aware of various choices available to them. The markets hence are seen to becoming more fragmented. Targeting these different fragmented groups becomes a challenge for the company, especially when they wish to portray different images of the company to the consumers, without affecting the overall company’s brand image. This calls in for Integrated marketing communications,IMC , the integration of the company’s entire communications channel to deliver a clear and consistent message to the consumers, regarding the organization and various products. (Fill, 2004)The first step of any marketing communication strategy is awareness. Awareness in turn starts from curiosity.   A motion-control company launched its products in the Nuremberg market fair for the first time, by placing big boxes of candies in their stall. Needless to say, this attracted the curiosity of many people, who would later become its customers, to the stall just to ‘have a look at what is going on’.There is another thing which goes hand-in-hand with awareness, the target market or audience. This factor sets the tone of the promotion in question, and the kind of message to be passed on. There are two extreme end of the tone – humor and emotional. Companies use emotional appeal concepts like patriotism, family closeness, anim al welfare, sharing and giving etc. to promote their products.For e.g. – Salvation army uses moral appeal as a pull toward its goal of seeking attention. At the other end of the spectrum are the humorous ads, which are gaining more and more acceptance amongst American audience. According to various studies, light natured ads catch the attention of consumers. In one of its popular ads Budwieser and Bud light featured a wannabe donkey that wears fur hoof extensions and brays in effort to becoming a part of the Budweiser Clydesdales team (Kotler et al 2006).Message structure and format is very important, especially when print media is the desired mode of communication between the company and its consumers. Even the tele-ads are very much concerned about the overall logo and messages displayed on-screen to its consumers. The most popular example of this is the Statuary warning written on cigarette packs.They are always there, always mentioned and always displayed and yet the bala nce of injurious-yet fashionable is clearly visible in all of these ads. Yesmail sends clients’ promotional e-mail messages to targeted consumers who said â€Å"yes† when asked whether they wished to receive promotional offers in certain categories of interest (Winer, 2006).Choosing the media of communication is the next step. The is chosen based on getting the maximum amount of visibility and the media that creates lasting impression on the minds of consumers There are many channels that can be used in this case. For e.g. – the success of Harry Potter, collapsible scooters, the Chrysler PT Cruiser, and The Blair Witch Project is all due to word-of-mouth publicity (Kotler, Keller, 2005).The print media includes advertisements in magazine, newspapers, pamphlets etc. The most popular media still remain as the television and radio, though internet marketing is fast gaining over them.After the entire process of communication is done, one of the steps that should alw ays be done is collecting the feedback from the consumers. This is done so as to know the effectiveness of the communication on the minds of the consumer.This total marketing communications program used while promoting a company or business is called the promotional mix. Success is all about integrating separate approaches such as PR, internal and direct marketing into one complete marketing strategy. All the promotional elements which are used to gain customers must be planned and then implemented in a coordinated way. (Smith, Taylor, 2004).ReferencesBooksFill, C., â€Å"Marketing Communications: engagement, strategies and practice†, 2nd ed.,2004, FT Prentice HallKotler, P. Armstrong G., â€Å"Principles of Marketing†, 11th ed, 2006, PearsonKotler, P., Keller, K., â€Å"Marketing Management†, 12th ed., 1 March 2005, Prentice HallMullins, J., Walker, O., Boyd, H., â€Å"Marketing Management: A Strategic Decision-Making Approach†, 6th ed, 17 Oct 2006, McGr aw-Hill/IrwinSmith, R., Taylor, J., â€Å"Marketing Communications: An Integrated Approach†, 4th ed, 1  July 2004, Kogan PageWiner, R., â€Å"Marketing Management†, 3rd ed, 31 May 2006, Prentice HallWebsitesâ€Å"Marketing concept and orientation†,http://www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/marketing-orientationâ€Å"The Marketing Concept†, Oct. 2003, One Vision Ltd.â€Å"10 minutes Guide – Marketing Communication†, 2004, The Chartered Institute ofMarketinghttp://www.cim.co.uk/mediastore/10_minute_guides/10minguide_marketingcommunication.pdf

Definition and Examples of the Historical Present Tense

In English grammar, the historical present is the use of a verb phrase in the present tense to refer to an event that took place in the past. In narratives, the historical present may be used to create an effect of immediacy. Also called the  historic present, dramatic present, and narrative present. In rhetoric, the use of the present tense to report on events from the past is called translatio temporum (transfer of times). The term translation is particularly interesting, notes German English literature educator Heinrich Plett, because it is also the Latin word for metaphor. It clearly shows that the historical present only exists as an intended tropical deviation of the past tense. (Plett, Henrich. Rhetoric and Renaissance Culture, Walter de Gruyter GmbH Co., 2004.) Examples and Observations It is a bright summer day in 1947. My father, a fat, funny man with beautiful eyes and a subversive wit, is trying to decide which of his eight children he will take with him to the county fair. My mother, of course, will not go. She is knocked out from getting most of us ready: I hold my neck stiff against the pressure of her knuckles as she hastily completes the braiding and the beribboning of my hair. ... (Walker,  Alice. Beauty: When the Other Dancer Is the Self. In Search of Our Mothers Gardens: Womanist Prose, Harcourt Brace, 1983.) There is a famous story of President Abraham Lincoln, taking a vote at a cabinet meeting on whether to sign the Emancipation Proclamation. All his cabinet secretaries vote nay, whereupon Lincoln raises his right hand and declares: The ayes have it. (Rodman, Peter W.  Presidential Command, Vintage, 2010.) Verbs in the historic present describe something that happened in the past. The present tense is used because the facts are listed as a summary, and the present tense provides a sense of urgency. This historic present tense is also found in news bulletins. The announcer may say at the start, Fire hits a city center building, the government defends the new minister, and in football City, United lose. (Language Notes, BBC World Service.) If you introduce things which are past as present and now taking place, you will make your story no longer a narration but an actuality. (Longinus,  On the Sublime, quoted by Chris Anderson in  Style as Argument: Contemporary American Nonfiction, Southern Illinois University Press, 1987.) An Example of the Historical Present in an EssayI’m nine years old, in bed, in the dark. The detail in the room is perfectly clear. I am lying on my back. I have a greeny-gold quilted eiderdown covering me. I have just calculated that I will be 50 years old in 1997. ‘Fifty’ and ‘1997’ don’t mean a thing to me, aside from being an answer to an arithmetic question I set myself. I try it differently. ‘I will be 50 in 1997.’ 1997 doesn’t matter. ‘I will be 50.’ The statement is absurd. I am nine. ‘I will be ten’ makes sense. ‘I will be 13’ has a dreamlike maturity about it. ‘I will be 50’ is simply a paraphrase of another senseless statement I make to myself at night: ‘I will be dead one day.’ ‘One day I won’t be.’ I have a great determination to feel the sentence as a reality. But it always escapes me. ‘I will be dead’ comes with a picture of a dead body on a bed. But it’s mine, a nine-year-old body. When I make it old, it becomes someone else. I can’t imagine myself dead. I can’t imagine myself dying. Either the effort or the failure to do so makes me feel panicky. ... (Diski, Jenny. Diary,  London Review of Books, October 15, 1998. Report title At Fifty in  The Art of the Essay: The Best of 1999, edited by Phillip Lopate, Anchor Books, 1999.) An Example of the Historical Present in a Memoir  My first conscious direct memory of anything outside myself is not of Duckmore and its estates but of the street. I am adventuring out of our front gate and into the great world beyond. Its a summers day — perhaps this is the very first summer after we moved in when Im not yet three. I walk along the pavement, and on into the endless distances of the street — past the gate of No. 4 — on and bravely on until I find myself in a strange new landscape with its own exotic flora, a mass of sunlit pink blossom on a tangled rambler rose hanging over a garden fence. I have got almost as far as the garden gate of No. 5. At this point, I somehow become aware of how far I am from home and abruptly lose all my taste for exploration. I turn and run back to No. 3. (Frayn, Michael. My Fathers Fortune: A Life, Metropolitan Books, 2010.) The You-Are-There IllusionWhen the reference point of the narration is not the present moment but some point in the past, we have the historical present, in which a writer tries to parachute the reader into the midst of an unfolding story (Genevieve lies awake in bed. A floorboard creaks ... ). The historical present is also often used in the setup of a joke, as in A guy walks into a bar with a duck on his head. ... Though the you-are-there illusion forced by the historical present can be an effective narrative device, it can also feel manipulative. Recently a Canadian columnist complained about a CBC Radio news program that seemed to him to overuse the present tense, as in UN forces open fire on protesters. The director explained to him that the show is supposed to sound less analytic, less reflective and more dynamic, more hot than the flagship nightly news show. (Pinker, Steven.  The Stuff of Thought, Viking, 2007.) A Warning From the PastAvoid the use of the historical present unless the narrative is sufficiently vivid to make the use spontaneous. The historical present is one of the boldest of figures and, as is the case with all figures, its overuse makes a style cheap and ridiculous. (Royster, James Finch and Stith Thompson,  Guide to Composition, Scott Foresman and Company, 1919.)